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发布和订阅批量消息

了解如何在 Dapr 中使用批量发布和订阅 API。

alpha

批量发布和订阅API目前处于alpha阶段。

使用批量发布和订阅API，您可以在一个请求中发布和订阅多个消息。当编写需要发送或接收大量消息的应用程序时，使用批量操作可以通过减少 Dapr sidecar、应用程序和底层发布/订阅代理之间的请求总数来实现高吞吐量。

批量发布消息

批量发布消息时的限制

批量发布API允许您在单个请求中发布多条消息到一个主题。它是_非事务性_，即从一个单一的批量请求中，一些消息可以成功，一些消息可以失败。如果任何消息发布失败，批量发布操作将返回一个失败消息列表。

批量发布操作也不能保证消息的顺序。

如何使用Dapr扩展来开发和运行Dapr应用程序

import io.dapr.client.DaprClientBuilder;
import io.dapr.client.DaprPreviewClient;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkPublishResponse;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkPublishResponseFailedEntry;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

class BulkPublisher {
  private static final String PUBSUB_NAME = "my-pubsub-name";
  private static final String TOPIC_NAME = "topic-a";

  public void publishMessages() {
    try (DaprPreviewClient client = (new DaprClientBuilder()).buildPreviewClient()) {
      // Create a list of messages to publish
      List<String> messages = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        String message = String.format("This is message #%d", i);
        messages.add(message);
      }

      // Publish list of messages using the bulk publish API
      BulkPublishResponse<String> res = client.publishEvents(PUBSUB_NAME, TOPIC_NAME, "text/plain", messages).block();
    }
  }
}


import { DaprClient } from "@dapr/dapr";

const pubSubName = "my-pubsub-name";
const topic = "topic-a";

async function start() {
    const client = new DaprClient();

    // Publish multiple messages to a topic.
    await client.pubsub.publishBulk(pubSubName, topic, ["message 1", "message 2", "message 3"]);

    // Publish multiple messages to a topic with explicit bulk publish messages.
    const bulkPublishMessages = [
    {
      entryID: "entry-1",
      contentType: "application/json",
      event: { hello: "foo message 1" },
    },
    {
      entryID: "entry-2",
      contentType: "application/cloudevents+json",
      event: {
        specversion: "1.0",
        source: "/some/source",
        type: "example",
        id: "1234",
        data: "foo message 2",
        datacontenttype: "text/plain"
      },
    },
    {
      entryID: "entry-3",
      contentType: "text/plain",
      event: "foo message 3",
    },
  ];
  await client.pubsub.publishBulk(pubSubName, topic, bulkPublishMessages);
}

start().catch((e) => {
  console.error(e);
  process.exit(1);
});

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Dapr.Client;

const string PubsubName = "my-pubsub-name";
const string TopicName = "topic-a";
IReadOnlyList<object> BulkPublishData = new List<object>() {
    new { Id = "17", Amount = 10m },
    new { Id = "18", Amount = 20m },
    new { Id = "19", Amount = 30m }
};

using var client = new DaprClientBuilder().Build();

var res = await client.BulkPublishEventAsync(PubsubName, TopicName, BulkPublishData);
if (res == null) {
    throw new Exception("null response from dapr");
}
if (res.FailedEntries.Count > 0)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Some events failed to be published!");
    foreach (var failedEntry in res.FailedEntries)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("EntryId: " + failedEntry.Entry.EntryId + " Error message: " +
                          failedEntry.ErrorMessage);
    }
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Published all events!");
}

import requests
import json

base_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0-alpha1/publish/bulk/{}/{}"
pubsub_name = "my-pubsub-name"
topic_name = "topic-a"
payload = [
  {
    "entryId": "ae6bf7c6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
    "event": "first text message",
    "contentType": "text/plain"
  },
  {
    "entryId": "b1f40bd6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
    "event": {
      "message": "second JSON message"
    },
    "contentType": "application/json"
  }
]

response = requests.post(base_url.format(pubsub_name, topic_name), json=payload)
print(response.status_code)

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
  "net/http"
  "io/ioutil"
)

const (
  pubsubName = "my-pubsub-name"
  topicName = "topic-a"
  baseUrl = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0-alpha1/publish/bulk/%s/%s"
)

func main() {
  url := fmt.Sprintf(baseUrl, pubsubName, topicName)
  method := "POST"
  payload := strings.NewReader(`[
        {
            "entryId": "ae6bf7c6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  "first text message",
            "contentType": "text/plain"
        },
        {
            "entryId": "b1f40bd6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  {
                "message": "second JSON message"
            },
            "contentType": "application/json"
        }
]`)

  client := &http.Client {}
  req, _ := http.NewRequest(method, url, payload)

  req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
  res, err := client.Do(req)
  // ...
}

curl -X POST http://localhost:3500/v1.0-alpha1/publish/bulk/my-pubsub-name/topic-a \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '[
        {
            "entryId": "ae6bf7c6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  "first text message",
            "contentType": "text/plain"
        },
        {
            "entryId": "b1f40bd6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  {
                "message": "second JSON message"
            },
            "contentType": "application/json"
        },
      ]'

Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -ContentType 'application/json' -Uri 'http://localhost:3500/v1.0-alpha1/publish/bulk/my-pubsub-name/topic-a' `
-Body '[
        {
            "entryId": "ae6bf7c6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  "first text message",
            "contentType": "text/plain"
        },
        {
            "entryId": "b1f40bd6-4af2-11ed-b878-0242ac120002",
            "event":  {
                "message": "second JSON message"
            },
            "contentType": "application/json"
        },
      ]'

批量订阅消息

批量订阅API允许您在单个请求中从一个主题订阅多条消息。正如我们从如何：发布和订阅主题中所了解的那样，有两种订阅主题的方式：

声明 - 订阅是在外部文件中定义的。
编程式 - 订阅在代码中定义。

要批量订阅主题，我们只需要使用bulkSubscribe spec属性，类似以下方式：

apiVersion: dapr.io/v2alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: order-pub-sub
spec:
  topic: orders
  routes:
    default: /checkout
  pubsubname: order-pub-sub
  bulkSubscribe:
    enabled: true
    maxMessagesCount: 100
    maxAwaitDurationMs: 40
scopes:
- orderprocessing
- checkout

在上面的示例中，bulkSubscribe是_可选的_。如果您使用 bulkSubscribe，那么:

enabled 是必填的，并且在此主题上启用或禁用批量订阅
您可以选择配置每个批量消息中传递的最大消息数（maxMessagesCount）。不支持批量订阅的组件的 maxMessagesCount 的默认值为100，即默认情况下 App 和 Dapr 之间的批量事件。请参考组件如何处理发布和订阅批量消息。如果组件支持批量订阅，则可以在该组件文档中找到此参数的默认值。
您可以选择提供最长等待时间（maxAwaitDurationMs）在批量消息发送到应用程序之前。不支持批量订阅的组件的 maxAwaitDurationMs 的默认值为1000，即默认情况下 App 和 Dapr 之间的批量事件。请参考组件如何处理发布和订阅批量消息。如果组件支持批量订阅，则可以在该组件文档中找到此参数的默认值。

应用程序收到一个 EntryId 与批量消息中的每个条目（单个消息）相关联。这 EntryId 必须由应用程序用于传达该特定条目的状态。如果应用程序在 EntryId 的状态上未能通知，那么它将被视为 RETRY。

需要发送一个带有每个条目处理状态的JSON编码的负载主体：

{
  "statuses":
  [
    {
    "entryId": "<entryId1>",
    "status": "<status>"
    },
    {
    "entryId": "<entryId2>",
    "status": "<status>"
    }
  ]
}

可能的状态值:

状态	说明
`SUCCESS`	消息已成功处理
`RETRY`	将由 Dapr 重试的消息
`DROP`	警告被记录下来，信息被删除

请参考预期的批量订阅HTTP响应以获取有关响应的更多见解。

如何使用Dapr扩展来开发和运行Dapr应用程序

有关如何使用批量订阅，请参阅以下代码示例：

import io.dapr.Topic;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkSubscribeAppResponse;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkSubscribeAppResponseStatus;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkSubscribeMessage;
import io.dapr.client.domain.BulkSubscribeMessageEntry;
import io.dapr.client.domain.CloudEvent;
import io.dapr.springboot.annotations.BulkSubscribe;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

class BulkSubscriber {
  @BulkSubscribe()
  // @BulkSubscribe(maxMessagesCount = 100, maxAwaitDurationMs = 40)
  @Topic(name = "topicbulk", pubsubName = "orderPubSub")
  @PostMapping(path = "/topicbulk")
  public Mono<BulkSubscribeAppResponse> handleBulkMessage(
          @RequestBody(required = false) BulkSubscribeMessage<CloudEvent<String>> bulkMessage) {
    return Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
      List<BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry> entries = new ArrayList<BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry>();
      for (BulkSubscribeMessageEntry<?> entry : bulkMessage.getEntries()) {
        try {
          CloudEvent<?> cloudEvent = (CloudEvent<?>) entry.getEvent();
          System.out.printf("Bulk Subscriber got: %s\n", cloudEvent.getData());
          entries.add(new BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry(entry.getEntryId(), BulkSubscribeAppResponseStatus.SUCCESS));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          entries.add(new BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry(entry.getEntryId(), BulkSubscribeAppResponseStatus.RETRY));
        }
      }
      return new BulkSubscribeAppResponse(entries);
    });
  }
}


import { DaprServer } from "@dapr/dapr";

const pubSubName = "orderPubSub";
const topic = "topicbulk";

const daprHost = process.env.DAPR_HOST || "127.0.0.1";
const daprPort = process.env.DAPR_HTTP_PORT || "3502";
const serverHost = process.env.SERVER_HOST || "127.0.0.1";
const serverPort = process.env.APP_PORT || 5001;

async function start() {
    const server = new DaprServer({
        serverHost,
        serverPort,
        clientOptions: {
            daprHost,
            daprPort,
        },
    });

    // Publish multiple messages to a topic with default config.
    await client.pubsub.bulkSubscribeWithDefaultConfig(pubSubName, topic, (data) => console.log("Subscriber received: " + JSON.stringify(data)));

    // Publish multiple messages to a topic with specific maxMessagesCount and maxAwaitDurationMs.
    await client.pubsub.bulkSubscribeWithConfig(pubSubName, topic, (data) => console.log("Subscriber received: " + JSON.stringify(data)), 100, 40);
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Dapr.AspNetCore;
using Dapr;

namespace DemoApp.Controllers;

[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class BulkMessageController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly ILogger<BulkMessageController> logger;

    public BulkMessageController(ILogger<BulkMessageController> logger)
    {
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    [BulkSubscribe("messages", 10, 10)]
    [Topic("pubsub", "messages")]
    public ActionResult<BulkSubscribeAppResponse> HandleBulkMessages([FromBody] BulkSubscribeMessage<BulkMessageModel<BulkMessageModel>> bulkMessages)
    {
        List<BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry> responseEntries = new List<BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry>();
        logger.LogInformation($"Received {bulkMessages.Entries.Count()} messages");
        foreach (var message in bulkMessages.Entries)
        {
            try
            {
                logger.LogInformation($"Received a message with data '{message.Event.Data.MessageData}'");
                responseEntries.Add(new BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry(message.EntryId, BulkSubscribeAppResponseStatus.SUCCESS));
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                logger.LogError(e.Message);
                responseEntries.Add(new BulkSubscribeAppResponseEntry(message.EntryId, BulkSubscribeAppResponseStatus.RETRY));
            }
        }
        return new BulkSubscribeAppResponse(responseEntries);
    }
    public class BulkMessageModel
    {
        public string MessageData { get; set; }
    }
}

组件如何处理发布和订阅批量消息

对于事件发布/订阅，涉及到两种网络传输方式。

从/到 App 到/从 Dapr。
从/到 Dapr 到/从 Pubsub Broker。

这些是可以优化的机会。当进行优化时，会进行批量请求，从而减少总的调用次数，提高吞吐量，提供更好的延迟。

启用批量发布和/或批量订阅后，应用程序与Dapr sidecar（上述第1点）之间的通信将得到优化，以便所有组件。

从 Dapr sidecar 到 pub/sub broker 的优化取决于多个因素，例如：

Broker必须本质上支持批量发布/订阅
必须更新Dapr 组件以支持 broker 提供的批量 API

目前，以下组件已更新以支持此级别的优化：

Component	批量发布	批量订阅
Kafka	Yes	Yes
Azure Servicebus	Yes	Yes
Azure Eventhubs	Yes	Yes

例子

观看以下关于批量发布/订阅的演示和介绍。

KubeCon Europe 2023 presentation

Dapr社区会议#77演示

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发布和订阅批量消息

alpha

批量发布消息

批量发布消息时的限制

如何使用Dapr扩展来开发和运行Dapr应用程序

批量订阅消息

如何使用Dapr扩展来开发和运行Dapr应用程序

组件如何处理发布和订阅批量消息

例子

KubeCon Europe 2023 presentation

Dapr社区会议#77演示

相关链接

Feedback